The integration of simulations in physics education plays a crucial role in improving the understanding of abstract concepts and the development of digital competences. While simulations do not replace traditional experiments, they significantly support and enrich the learning experience. In our study, we focus on the effectiveness of digital skills development depending on the depth of simulations used. The introduction of different levels of simulations is important to promote a comprehensive understanding of physics concepts and gradually build digital competences. Firstly, animations are still important in physics as they allow students to re-watch content at home, focus on multiple factors, pause when needed and watch slow motion footage. These tools are essential for understanding complex concepts. The next stage is the use of pre-built simulations such as PHET, which not only provide animations but also allow parameters to be adjusted and hypothetical situations to be explored. Going deeper is the use of simulation environments such as Algodoo, which allow students to create their own simulations, although these are usually limited to 2D. In this process, learning takes place in two stages: when creating the simulation and when testing and refining the simulation. Finally, the highest level is the programming of custom simulations, which requires a deep understanding of physics but offers fewer limitations. Recently, support from artificial intelligence has also proved useful in this context. Overall, the strategic use of various simulation tools in physics promotes both conceptual understanding and digital literacy, making it an indispensable part of modern teaching.

Authors:
Robert Repnik, University of Maribor, Slovenia
Damjan Osrajnik, Elementary School Radlje Ob Dravi, Slovenia
Mitja Slavinec, University of Maribor, Slovenia
Petra Cajnko, University of Maribor, Slovenia
Eva Klemencic, University of Maribor, Slovenia

About the Presenter(s)
Dr. Robert Repnik is a full professor of physics at the University of Maribor. His research focuses on liquid crystals and physics education. He has served as Vice Dean for Industry Collaboration and as Director of the Slovenian Research Agency.

Connect on ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eva-Klemencic

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