The problem of global warming is a global issue and a common threat facing humanity. The fact that small economies and vulnerable countries, which contribute little to greenhouse gas emissions, are disproportionately affected by global warming is an unfair situation, and this is why global efforts at the United Nations are necessary. However, it is not easy to internalise the problem of global warming, which is an external negative economic effect at the global level. This is because the benefits of each country's measures to prevent global warming are shared globally, while the economic costs of mitigation are borne by each country. This creates a prisoner's dilemma.
In order to solve the problem of global warming, technological innovation and a change in people's awareness are essential. In the past, energy conversion was brought about by the development of innovative technology and the reduction in the cost of that technology. However, if we are to rapidly raise our ambitions for the prevention of global warming, the final consumer must be prepared to bear the increased cost of preventing global warming. Education will play a major role in this. At the same time, it is also important to drastically increase financial assistance to developing countries, which will account for the majority of future energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. COP29 in November 2024 revealed a deep rift between developed and developing countries over the New Collective Quantified Goal. As the international political and economic situation becomes more chaotic, the outcome of international efforts to prevent global warming will be closely watched.
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